The Treaty of Versailles Essay

Treaty of Versailles Essay During World War One, there was massive devastation done to the Allies and the Central Powers and will be remembered for many years to come. The peace treaty that ended the war was called the Treaty of Versailles and its consequences would have far reaching impact. The Great War was fought using trench warfare and a stalemate was created. On the Western front France was fighting Germany, there were many casualties, 15 million soldiers were seriously injured, 7 million were permanently disabled and 8 million were killed.There was major destruction to land, property and empires were destroyed: The German, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman and Russian. It was a total war; it took all resources from countries and caused food shortages. By the end of the war, famine had killed millions of people and diseases flourished in the wartime conditions. In 1917 the Americans came into the war and the Russians left. Finally the stalemate is broken and Germany made an extremely h arsh treaty with Russia. The victorious countries were furious, they blamed Germany for starting the war and causing so much devastation to their countries.They wanted Germany to pay, so the Allies created a treaty which held Germany responsible for WW1. The second cause of the Treaty was the Big Three setting the stage for the treaty with their aims and attitudes. Woodrow Wilson (President of the U. S) wanted to end war by making a fair peace. He wanted disarmament and a League of Nations set up, where countries could settle their problems without war. David Lloyd George (Prime Minister of Britain), wanted justice, not revenge. He said the treaty must not be harsh because that in return would just cause another war in a few years time.By far the harshest of all the Big Three was George Clemenceau the Prime Minister of France. Most of the war had been fought in France, so he wanted revenge and to punish the Germans for the massive destruction they had done to France. He also wanted Germany broken up (weakened), so that France couldn’t be invaded again. Basically Clemenceau’s aim was to completely shatter Germany. The terms of the treaty include – blame for the war (cause 231, war guilt), high reparations, army restrictions and loss of territory.In addition to the huge loss Germany had already suffered, the worst of it all had to be the extreme amount of reparations. A figure was set in 1921 of ? 6,600. 000 million. Germany was seriously disadvantaged, because reparations economically crippled them. The first of the payments were made in 1922 (only just), and in 1923 Germany falls behind on payments. France gets angry and invades the Ruhr, in the Ruhr the German workers go on strike and to pay them the government prints more money, which creates hyperinflation. This meant it was cheaper to burn money than firewood.The economy was hugely suffering and as a whole so the country. The Germans were angry for having to take blame for starting the war. Another consequence of the treaty was the League of Nations, which was apart of Woodrow Wilson’s 14 points. The league was very weak because the three big powers were not involved and they needed the big, powerful nations to strengthen the league. This was so they could have more authority, because hardly anybody listened to the League. It was pointless because there weren’t very strict penalties and if countries didn’t agree with the League they would just drop out.However the League did have a few successes, such as when they freed 200,000 slaves in Africa and Burma after they attacked slave traders. The League also worked to prevent malaria and leprosy as well as taking home half a million World War One prisoners of war. In addition to those successes the league also set up camps and fed Turkish refugees and sent economic experts to help Austria and Hungary. Although the League was relatively weak, they had a number of successes, but even the successes didn’t seem to overcome the failures of the League.Eventually when war broke out in 1939 the League closed down and ultimately failed to prevent war from happening. In conclusion World War One was the major cause of the Treaty of Versailles, along with the aims and attitudes of the Big Three, which caused an awfully harsh treaty to be created. This in turn economically crippled Germany, because of the huge reparations and also left the Germans feeling angry for having to take the blame for starting the war. The final consequence of the treaty mentioned in this essay was the formation of the League of Nations, which in time closed down because of more failure that success to prevent war.

Free Essays on At Home

Mom was in the kitchen cooking a Christmas Eve breakfast when I woke up. Through the aroma’s I could make out the smell of fried bacon, buttermilk biscuits, and Moravian sugar cake. As I drifted into the kitchen, still half asleep, Mom turned and smiled as I did the same. â€Å"Good morning, Charlie. Are you ready for breakfast? I cooked some blueberry pancakes for you and your brothers,† came cheerfully from Mom’s mouth. â€Å"I was going to wait for James and William to get out of bed.† Then I turned to Dad who was reading the paper in the den, â€Å"Dad, have you eaten yet?† â€Å"I ate a piece of sugar cake, but other than that, no.† â€Å"Oh, ok.† I then looked back at Mom and responded with, â€Å"I can wait, so we can sit down together to eat.† I proceeded into the den where I took a seat on the couch with Dad. I sprawled out with my head on my father’s lap, trying to go back to sleep, but he wanted to play. As he tickled me and I would try to fight it, but I never had any luck because of his strength compared to mine. â€Å"Quit,† I yelped with agonizing despair. â€Å"MOM! Get Dad off of me!† â€Å"Jimmy quit bothering him. He just woke up and I don’t want you to wake up the boys.† â€Å"It’s time for them to get out of bed, anyway,† Dad said with a stern voice (trying to make it sound that he is the man of the house. â€Å"Charlie, why don’t you and I go wake up William and James.† â€Å"Ok, but I’m not waking James because he will beat me up,† I said to my Dad to make sure that my oldest brother wouldn’t get angry with me. As we walked up the steps I was astounded with the joyful fulfillment of waking my brothers. It was as if it was the highlight of the day. Dad and I walked into my brothers’ room, anticipating that they might wake up. As Dad crept up on James, I was closing in on William. Dad signaled to me, 1, 2, 3, and we both hurled ourselves on top of them. James had no chance of wi... Free Essays on At Home Free Essays on At Home Mom was in the kitchen cooking a Christmas Eve breakfast when I woke up. Through the aroma’s I could make out the smell of fried bacon, buttermilk biscuits, and Moravian sugar cake. As I drifted into the kitchen, still half asleep, Mom turned and smiled as I did the same. â€Å"Good morning, Charlie. Are you ready for breakfast? I cooked some blueberry pancakes for you and your brothers,† came cheerfully from Mom’s mouth. â€Å"I was going to wait for James and William to get out of bed.† Then I turned to Dad who was reading the paper in the den, â€Å"Dad, have you eaten yet?† â€Å"I ate a piece of sugar cake, but other than that, no.† â€Å"Oh, ok.† I then looked back at Mom and responded with, â€Å"I can wait, so we can sit down together to eat.† I proceeded into the den where I took a seat on the couch with Dad. I sprawled out with my head on my father’s lap, trying to go back to sleep, but he wanted to play. As he tickled me and I would try to fight it, but I never had any luck because of his strength compared to mine. â€Å"Quit,† I yelped with agonizing despair. â€Å"MOM! Get Dad off of me!† â€Å"Jimmy quit bothering him. He just woke up and I don’t want you to wake up the boys.† â€Å"It’s time for them to get out of bed, anyway,† Dad said with a stern voice (trying to make it sound that he is the man of the house. â€Å"Charlie, why don’t you and I go wake up William and James.† â€Å"Ok, but I’m not waking James because he will beat me up,† I said to my Dad to make sure that my oldest brother wouldn’t get angry with me. As we walked up the steps I was astounded with the joyful fulfillment of waking my brothers. It was as if it was the highlight of the day. Dad and I walked into my brothers’ room, anticipating that they might wake up. As Dad crept up on James, I was closing in on William. Dad signaled to me, 1, 2, 3, and we both hurled ourselves on top of them. James had no chance of wi...

Free Essays on Laws

Why People Obey the Law By Tom Tyler The main question addressed in Tom Tyler’s essay is, obviously, â€Å"Why do people obey laws?†. The essay tackles two main reasons. These include social relations and normative values. Social relations refers to the way social groups influence people. They do so through rewarding and punishing members of their group â€Å"either by withholding or conferring signs of group status and respect, or more directly by channeling material resources toward or away from particular members (475).† Also included in social relations is the fact that people do not commit crimes because their family and friends would look down upon them if they did. Second, a person’s normative values include â€Å"the sense of what is right or appropriate (475)† to that individual. These are sometimes referred to as internalized obligations. Internalized obligations are two-fold; first is personal morality and second is legitimacy. Personal morality has to do with a person’s compliance to laws due to the knowledge of right and wrong. The essay contributes compliance to the second part of internalized obligation: legitimacy. Legitimacy, according to Tyler, â€Å"is regarded as a reservoir of loyalty on which leaders can draw, giving them the discretionary authority they require to govern effectively†¦(477).† Legitimacy has three possible objects including authorities, the regime, and the community. Cooperation with those in power is legitimacy of authorities. Legitimacy of regime is the support of institutions. When an authority belongs to a certain social group, that social group will view that authority as â€Å"one of them† and therefore that authority will have legitimacy of that social community. A study was done in Chicago that focused on why people obey the laws. First of all, it found that legitimacy does influence compliance to laws. The study found â€Å"that normative concerns are an ... Free Essays on Laws Free Essays on Laws Why People Obey the Law By Tom Tyler The main question addressed in Tom Tyler’s essay is, obviously, â€Å"Why do people obey laws?†. The essay tackles two main reasons. These include social relations and normative values. Social relations refers to the way social groups influence people. They do so through rewarding and punishing members of their group â€Å"either by withholding or conferring signs of group status and respect, or more directly by channeling material resources toward or away from particular members (475).† Also included in social relations is the fact that people do not commit crimes because their family and friends would look down upon them if they did. Second, a person’s normative values include â€Å"the sense of what is right or appropriate (475)† to that individual. These are sometimes referred to as internalized obligations. Internalized obligations are two-fold; first is personal morality and second is legitimacy. Personal morality has to do with a person’s compliance to laws due to the knowledge of right and wrong. The essay contributes compliance to the second part of internalized obligation: legitimacy. Legitimacy, according to Tyler, â€Å"is regarded as a reservoir of loyalty on which leaders can draw, giving them the discretionary authority they require to govern effectively†¦(477).† Legitimacy has three possible objects including authorities, the regime, and the community. Cooperation with those in power is legitimacy of authorities. Legitimacy of regime is the support of institutions. When an authority belongs to a certain social group, that social group will view that authority as â€Å"one of them† and therefore that authority will have legitimacy of that social community. A study was done in Chicago that focused on why people obey the laws. First of all, it found that legitimacy does influence compliance to laws. The study found â€Å"that normative concerns are an ...

Theories of Crime Causation Unit 1IP Research Paper

Theories of Crime Causation Unit 1IP - Research Paper Example Criminologists study feminist criminology an area that considers the subject on women and crime. There is penology where criminologists focus on the study of the prison system at large. Criminalists are physical scientists they are known as crime scene investigators, or crime lab technicians. According to Roberts, the task of criminalists involves recognizing, collecting, analysing, interpreting, preserving physical evidence from crime scenes (Roberts, 2013). Criminalists usually testify in courts regarding their scientific findings. Roberts explains that many times the work of a criminalist revolves around the laboratory. Roberts clarifies that criminalists do not fight crime as shown in criminal movies. A Criminalists’ field of study is rather wide there are areas, which focus on firearms, and tool marks. This section deals with weapons, bullets, found in crime scenes. A study on DNA and serology involves examination of biological materials in crimes scenes that contain DNA. Criminalists study trace evidence, which include hair, soil, fibres, and other objects from crime scenes, which can provide information related to the crime. A study on drugs alcohol and toxicology empowers criminalists with the knowledge on how to utilise analytical chemistry in identifying pills liquids, body fluids among other substances in a crime scene (Roberts, 2013). Forensic psychologists utilise human understanding to perform various tasks in the legal and civil systems. Atlaf explains that forensic psychologist assists in criminal investigation by performing criminal profiling tasks. Forensic psychologists can observe a crime scene and deduce the characteristics of the person who created the crime scene. Atlaf mentions that forensic psychologists can work in police stations where they provide counselling to police officers. Forensic psychologists also provide crisis counselling for crime victims. In judicial systems, forensic psychologists perform a number of tasks. For i nstance forensic can determine whether a defendant is able to stand trial, they can also determine the mental state of a defendant when he was committing a crime. Atlaf explains that in American systems Forensic psychologists serve in family law where they perform the role of mediators between divorcing parents who have disputes the needs and interests of their children. Forensic psychologists examine criminals and determine if they are dangerous. They provide information that is vital in the sentencing process. Sutherland (1949), states that white-collar crimes are illegal acts committed by persons of a high social status. According to Barnett (2010), white-collar crimes are illegal acts that are non-violent in nature. The United States department of justice argues that people engage in white-collar crimes for financial gain, to avoid payment, to secure personal or business advantage. White-collar criminals utilise sophisticated means to conceal their acts of deceit. White-collar c rimes include the various types of fraud, embezzlement, computer crime, bribery, forgery, antitrust violations. White-collar crimes cause massive financial losses to states, local government, private organisations and individuals. For example when a company shuts down due to financial losses resulting from a fraud case we have people who lose jobs, investors who lose their money, consumers who feel disappointed by the

The Social Network Movie Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Social Network Movie Analysis - Essay Example The social network gives us the price of the need for acceptance when it changes into the blind ambition of social climbing. This movie rejects the tropes of money and power. It explores the moment of time at which facebook was invented, via the perspectives of clever youthful men who acclaim to be present at its inception. Plot In the fall of 2003, Mark Zuckerberg (Jess Eisenberg) tries to explain to her girlfriend (Rooney Mara), the significance of being a member of one of Harvard University’s 8 prestigious all-male social societies called ‘final clubs’. Mark describes these social societies as being exclusive. Mark Zuckerberg is not good at articulating himself in person. He first distances himself from his girlfriend, who feels that communicating with him is like working the 'Stairmaster' while taking strong exemption to his haughty remarks towards her. This leads to his girlfriend dumping him. Mark’s first effort to create a website in film, a site whe re photos of female Harvard students are placed beside each other, and then users click on the girl who they think is the hottest. This site is wildly accepted and admired but results in every campus girl considering him as a sexist pig, and their boyfriends constantly threatening him. Together with his friend, Eduardo Saverin (Andrew Garfield), they both copy a proposed website for networking from Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss, and Divya Narendra, which was made solely for Harvadites, and renaming it, 'The Facebook'. This website which they come up with, connects students, express what drives life in college, who is single, and how to connect with girls in school. They are then approached by Napster-fame Sean Parker (Justin Timberlake), and following his advice, 'The' is removed, thus giving rise to the now-innovative and revolutionary,’Facebook’. This website, Facebook can be accessed by any individual worldwide, and not just some elite campuses. His communication ina bility, urge to emerge number one, and competitiveness, will distance him. This results in two lawsuits, one from his best friend Eduardo, and the other from the Winklevoss twins. (Www.imdb.com). in this analysis, I will use Mark Zuckerberg, his girlfriend Rooney Mara, and his best friend Eduardo Saverin, to explore on the interpersonal variables. I will use the variables of, electrically mediated communication, and, ingratiating. Interpersonal Concepts and Variables By definition, interpersonal concept is when the needs or ideas of two individuals are opposing to each other. Electronically Mediated Communication refers to any form of communication that takes place through the use of two or more electronics, such as computers, and websites. This concept of communication applies to forms of text-based interaction such as text messaging, or those communications that take place through formats that are computer-mediated such as chat rooms, and websites. This term encompasses both ICTs (information communication technologies), and computer-mediated communication. Computer-mediated communication is the style of online communication and the message it conveys. ICTs, on the other hand, means machines themselves, mobile phones, PDAs and computers.( www.netlingo.com) Ingratiating, on the other hand, refers to what an individual would actively do in an attempt to make another individual or individuals to like him or her.(faculty.Babson.edu) Electrically Mediated Communication In the movie, this variable was widely used. We see that Mark Zuckerberg first

MULTINATIONAL CORP-EVOL & CUR ISSUE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

MULTINATIONAL CORP-EVOL & CUR ISSUE - Essay Example (GOOG), Amazon (AMZN) and PowerShares QQQ Trust Series 1 (QQQ). This report entails a transaction involving 500 quantities of Google shares, 10000 quantity of Amazon and 1,000 quantity of PowerShares Trust Series 1. Google Inc. is a global technology company that mainly focuses on areas such as advertising, operating systems and platforms, enterprise and hardware products. Its main source of revenue is online advertisement. By the close of business on April 06, 2014 @ 3:59:59 PM, 500 shares of Google Inc. were selling at $545.25. This resulted to an amount of 573,000. The buying price of Google Inc. equity was $545 at a currency/exchange of USD/1.00. It is worth noting that price paid is quoted in the currency of the security’ exchange while the buying powers change and transaction amount are quoted in the currency of the portfolio. As per the start of the business day 7th April 2014, the share price for Google Inc. stood at $539.31 representing a price change of $-5.94 (-1.09%). At the current market price, buying 500 shares of Google Inc. will cost me 272,500. Selling the same quantity will get me a reward of 273,135 hence making a profit equivalent to $635. The profitability nature of the Google’s shares make motivated me to buy the portfolio. Amazon.com serves consumers through its retail websites and focus on selection, price, and convenience. It offers programs that enable sellers to sell their products through the company’s websites. Amazon offers its customers the lowest prices daily product pricing and shipping offers. The last buying price for Amazon.com is $320.22 as opposed to the current price of $320.52. The 52-week high is $408.06 while the 52-week low is $245.75. Going by the previous price, the estimated cost for 10,000 shares will be $ 3,203,310.00. The last selling of Amazon stock is $320.68 representing 187,268 volumes. Considering this selling price, the estimated cost stands at 3,197,090.00. This represents an income gain

Global warming Essay Example for Free

Global warming Essay Global warming is the process by which several gases known ‘green-house gases’ (such as carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, nitrous oxide, etc) are accumulating in the earth’s environment (as a result of human activity and pollution) and are trapping the sun’s energy resulting in a rise in the planet’s temperature. Some of the largest sources of green house gases include power plants, automobiles, etc. The hypothesis statement in this case is â€Å"Carbon Dioxide is not the only the largest contributor to Global warming, it is in fact the only contributor†. A recent study conducted By the US-DoE in the year 2000 clearly suggests that about 99. 5 % of the gases that cause global warming is carbon dioxide (NRDC, 2007, Eco Bridge, 2008, University of California, 2002). Carbon dioxide is emitted from several human activities. About 40 % of the carbon dioxide emitted in the US is from power-plants that emit the gas from burning coal. Even when LPG and natural gas is burnt, it produces huge quantities of carbon dioxide that contribute towards global warming. About 33% of the carbon dioxide is produced from vehicular emission. Vehicles that have poor mileage contribute larger quantities of carbon dioxide that ultimately result in global warming. About 3. 5 % of the carbon dioxide released in the atmosphere is from aero planes. The upper layers of the atmosphere are damaged as a result of air traffic. From building and domestic use, about 12 % of the total carbon dioxide content is contributed (NRDC, 2007, Eco Bridge, 2008, University of California, 2002). The other gases that can contribute towards global warming is methane (0. 47 %), nitrous oxide (less than 0. 1 %), water vapor and CFC’s (less than 0. 01 %). In actual fact, water vapor contributes towards 99. 99 % of the global warming. However, release of water vapor into the environment is by a natural phenomenon and hence it cannot be considered as a result of human activity. Several studies have demonstrated that effect of water vapor is increased by the presence of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Another group of thinking is that water vapor ultimately results in cloud formation, resulting of reflecting back the energy waves of the sun into the atmosphere. Besides, water vapor present in the atmosphere is released back onto the ground, thus helping to cool down the planet (NRDC, 2007, Eco Bridge, 2008, University of California, 2002, Hieb, 2003 University of California, 2002). Since the time of James Watt, the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been rising. IN the US, an average the per capita emission of carbon is about 5 tons every year per head (one of the highest) and in Sweden it is about 2 tons (One of the lowest). Carbon dioxide molecules trap the heat rays that are radiating from the atmosphere and cause and increase in the air temperature. In cities and in areas having high levels of carbon dioxide at the ground level, it is found that the air temperature is comparatively higher. Whereas in forests, the air temperature is lower as the carbon dioxide is converted to oxygen. Over the last 100 years the temperature of the earth has risen by about 1. 5 to 5 degrees. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increased from below 280 ppm to above 360 ppm (Hieb, 2003 University of California, 2002). By just doubling the levels of carbon dioxide in the air, the temperature has increased significantly. The levels of methane and other green house gases have fairly remained constant over the years, but global warming is becoming even more severe. Hence, it can be considered that carbon dioxide is not just the largest contribute to global warming; it may as well as be considered the only contributor (University of California, 2002). References: Eco Bridge. â€Å"Causes of Global Warming. † 2008. Eco Bridge. 6 Apr.2008. http://www. ecobridge. org/content/g_cse. htm Monte Hieb. â€Å"Water Vapor Rules the Greenhouse System. † 2003. Geo Craft. 6 Apr. 2008. http://www. geocraft. com/WVFossils/greenhouse_data. html Natural Resources Defense Council. â€Å"Global Warming Basics. † 2007. NRDC. 6 Apr. 2008. http://www. nrdc. org/globalWarming/f101. asp University of California. â€Å"GLOBAL WARMING: The Rise of CO2 Warming. † 2002. University of California. 6 Apr. 2008. http://earthguide. ucsd. edu/globalchange/global_warming/03. html