Chief General Of The Un Food And Agriculture Organization

Former Director-General of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Jacques Diouf, once commented, Defeating hunger is a realistic goal for our time, as long as lasting political, economic, financial, and technical solutions are adopted. In his speech, Diouf referred to a sustainable development issue known as food security, an international issue that involves the availability, access, utilization, and stability of food. With recent global attention directed towards seemingly more pressing issues such as non-state terrorism and gender equality, issues such as food insecurity have largely become neglected - tabled, especially by the media. However, it is very much a current and urgent issue with recent events such as the FAO†¦show more content†¦When individuals experience a sustained dearth of sufficient, safe, and nutritious food, food insecurity exists, and today, this issue is most prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa. While food insecurity has always existed, the more recent food crisis that occurred in 2007 and 2008 has expanded the problem to affect more and more people on the global stage. One reason food insecurity exists is because of the lack of production. In six of the last eleven years, the rate of global consumption was higher than that of production. The rising demand of food compounded with high energy prices and climate change makes food more difficult and more expensive to produce. As a result, nations must address problems that deal with food waste. Further, food insecurity not only involves hunger, malnutrition, and famine but is also a catalyst for riots within nations and tensions between nations. For example, in just the first half of 2008, riots broke out in over 40 different nations. Food insecurity also negatively affects a country s economic development, environment, and trade. Furthermore, it is an issue that affects not only the hungry 1/8 of the world s population but also small-scale farmers trapped in farm debt around the world. These farmers need access to technology and information, local storage systems, and crop insurance in order to es tablish efficient food production. In sum,

Is Las Vegas Sustainable - 1478 Words

Is Las Vegas Sustainable; Economy: Christian Kehinde â€Å"Sustainable† is defined by Dictionary.com as being â€Å"able to be supported as with the basic necessities or sufficient funds†. Can it be said that Las Vegas is sustainable? The sustainability of Las Vegas is a question that has been asked at different points in its history. In the early 20th century water sustainability was the crisis and this was solved by water being gotten from wells piped into town. In the 1950s atomic testing were advertised as a tourist attraction to tourists, providing locations to watch the testings and view the mushroom clouds (American Experience, 2005). This are just a few ways Las Vegas has defied the odds to prove that it is sustainable. Against all odds and when it looks like people are going to stop visiting the city, a new reason to return is created. Focusing on the economy of Las Vegas, using research papers, journals, news articles and various other sources, I would prove that Las Vegas is still sustainable even after the rec ession hit the economy of Vegas. The economy of Las Vegas as a whole contributes to the sustainability of the city and none of the industrial sectors can survive without the other. This is because everything in Las Vegas is interdependent. Vegas is located in the Nevada desert, the closest large city to Vegas, outside of Nevada, is San Bernardino, CA, which is about 187 miles away. For this reason people who visit Vegas rent rooms in hotels. This is an integral partShow MoreRelatedEquity One And The Las Vegas Sands Corporation Essay1598 Words   |  7 PagesEquity One and the Las Vegas Sands Corporation are the only two North American real estate organizations to submit their sustainability report on-line to the Global Reporting Initiative. 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Three assessment methods which promote a learner-centred free essay sample

Promoting a learner-centre approach for an assessment is a good way of in keeping with individual learning. Moreover it promotes independent study to a point, because it works hand in hand with the strengths and abilities of the student which gives them confidence in their ability so in that way they are motivated. This therefore is an open example of andragogy learning, which is self-directing and empowers to learn. It creates an impulse to self assess and self reflect, which is the best form of learning as it is active. Practical work assessment is normally classified under a learner-centred approach as it mainly involves the student’s activities and their own way of doing or expressing something. In this way, practical assessments (which can include lab work, problem solving, computer simulations or anything that can produce a material result example: baking a cake, singing a song) keep students ‘on task’ where there is minimal area to deviate or wander off subject. We will write a custom essay sample on Three assessment methods which promote a learner-centred or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Students are normally more excited about doing a practical exam as opposed to having to put pen to paper for a couple of hours so this gets their attention and creates a sense of urgency. It is also useful to have this kind of assessment method because it is easy to modify, to make room for those with a disability, to alter some steps for those with a different individual learning method. Having done a practical assessment promises a better interpretation of concepts learnt through practice, trial and error and consistency. The limitations include health and safety requirements and specifications, it is also quite time consuming to run and prepare, also, physical materials are needed such as a labs, computers, ovens, etc so this can only be done where and when opportunity is available. Portfolios, with carefully selected and justified collections of student’s work, are another form of assessment that could be learner-centred. Most of all, it is a good way of measuring progress and standard. Within this concept, students feel that need of working towards a goal and they can focus on the next topic or work being their best topic and so forth. Portfolios sometimes show merging of information or knowledge, showing what they have learnt in previous topics appears again in the current topic and carry itself forward. It does require a high level of responsibility from the student though, as it is quite demanding to be consistent and it is also time consuming for both the teacher and the student. Assignments are probably best to fit into this category as well. Assignments offer an opportunity to develop and extend an argument in which the student may be confident in writing about. This means that they can delve into details of a subject and not merely skim the surface and learn the basics. The only limitations is that is it is highly subjective, the topic is hardly exploring more than aspect and therefore only demanding the development of a certain event or argument. When assessing, the observer must make sure that they are making sure that the assessment delivers quality. They must make sure that they are carrying out their role according to standards and procedures set by higher awarding bodies. This is best dealt with by planning an assessment carefully. No planning can cause a disruptive and expensive, time-consuming mess and still fail to achieve what it was set out to do. It could also become the source of argument and disagreement with those of higher authority, so again, this comes back to ensuring quality. First of all, the plan should be built around the question, â€Å"WHAT is being assessed? † What does the student need to show, know or produce? And most importantly; to what standard and under what conditions? The assessment plan must also have a clear indication of the outcome. Taking a holistic approach means that you consider the person as a whole, not just a physical, which would mean you take into consideration mind, body and spirit, which gives the assessment more of a textured approach. This could suggest that the assessment encourages working the body, and stimulating the mind to get maximum results, knowing that the student has explored a diverse means of showcasing his knowledge. They may feel less intimidated and more inclined to show what they know as opposed to fearing being tested on what they do not know. Holistic planning could include planning around individual learning to assure that the assessment provided is best suited to the learner’s ability. This could be done by having the main goal of the assessment at hand and writing down different ways of assessing quality and capability. Holistic planning gives a fuller outcome after an assessment as it is planned on a ‘larger’ scale. It is sometimes evaluated by collecting evidence from the learner via multiple dimensions (coursework, observations, presentations, tests etc. ) then sum up the learners overall performance holistically with a single grade. There may be always risks present during an assessment setup tied to the assessor’s responsibility. First and foremost, it is the assessor’s responsibility to turn up for the assessment or assign an appropriate invigilator for the day, they should be clearly informed of the day and time beforehand. Reminders could be distributed, as an early confirmation to make sure everything will run smoothly. It is also important that the students turn up for the exam, that they will be fully informed of their assessment day and time, and their correct placement or running order within the assessment period is sorted and confirmed beforehand. This could be printed out and put on a notice board or handed to the students as a hand-out, or put on an online student portal. Assessors and invigilators must also make sure that there is no cheating going on during and exam and if there is, they should report it or give out warnings. The consequences of cheating must be made clear before the assessment starts. Invigilators and assessors must also be very aware of the individual assessment each student is taking, therefore handing them the correct paper, by taking extra care and completing checklists or having a visual plan to follow of who is to be assessed in what way or with which paper. There also may be a risk that the assessor may not have informed themselves with the updated version of the syllabus which risks the assessment being pointless and the students studying the wrong thing. Teachers checking on curriculum requirements regularly, even if it has been the same for a while, and signing up for newsletters from the board can avoid this. Assessors and invigilators must also take into consideration usual Health and Safety procedures making sure the fire exits are clear and accessible, that there is sufficient ventilation and hazards such as trailing wires are sorted out before students enter the room. Planning an assessment must include planning to avoid risks and having solutions ready just in case they occur.

The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks free essay sample

Lacks is a mother of five and leads a regular and happy life with her husband, children, and other relatives. This perfect world suddenly disappears when she realises that she has a knot in her womb. She goes to John Hopkins Hospital for treatment. She has cervical cancer. The hospital takes advantage of the situation and of her colour. They use her cancerous cells for research. They repeatedly expose her to high amounts of radiation in order to extract more cells. Years after her inevitable death, her family c to know about HeLa. They are devastated. Through her portrayal of the impact that the revelation of HeLa had on the Lacks family and the fact that the doctors at John Hopkins repeatedly exposed Henrietta to radiation in order to take cancerous cells from her body, Rebecca Skloot brings two questions to mind- Does science murder to dissect? Is taking someone’s cells without their permission ethical? II. We will write a custom essay sample on The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Author’s Background Rebecca Skloot is a science writer. She has written articles for the New York Times Magazine, O, The Oprah Magazine, and Discover, on topics like goldfish urgery, tissue ownership rights, race and medicine, and food politics (Skloot www). Skloot attained her Bachelor’s degree in biological sciences, and her MFA in creative non-fiction writing (Skloot, www). Being a graduate in biological sciences, Skloot would have a thorough understanding of the main argument presented by the story of Henrietta Lacks. The very fact that Skloot has written on tissue ownership rights and, race and medicine, implies that she has researched both topics well and is an authority on them. She perfectly combines scientific knowledge with emotional impact in the book. She uses the Henrietta Lacks’s daughter, Deborah’s feelings and emotions to literally tug at the heartstrings of the audience. Rebecca Skloot presents the facts as they are. Although, she does try to imply the fact that Henrietta’s cells were used because of her color; however, she leaves it to the reader to form their own opinion as to whether it was right or not. Skloot does not allow her opinion to come in the way and bias the author’s viewpoint. She presents the differing viewpoints and opinions of the family and the researchers. III. The Book’s Argument Rebecca Skloot’s main argument in the book is that researchers should take permission from people before using their cells, tissues, or any other body part for research. It does not matter if the tissue is waste material after a surgery; it was a part of the other person’s body at some point. The person has privacy rights and nobody, regardless of level of authority has a right to violate that privacy. The author develops her argument by quoting what researchers the world over have to say about the case, by talking about the family, and also by mentioning an interesting case called Moore vs. Regents of University of California (Moore vs Regents www). Rebecca Skloot met a lot of doctors and scientists when writing the book. She went to John Hopkins Hospital numerous times during the ten year time period. Researchers in the hospital claimed that Dr. George Gey, the first person to work with the HeLa cells did not earn a lot of money from Henrietta’s cells. (John Hopkins www). However, other researchers in countries like Sweden, Russia, and France earned a lot of money for just researching. A certain amount of the taxes that we pay are contributed to research in the sciences. Henrietta’s cancerous cells helped form a vaccine for polio. They were used for testing human sensitivity to cosmetics. Cancer research is being aided by cancerous HeLa cells. All these researchers acknowledge the fact that Henrietta’s cells are priceless and they have led to enormous breakthroughs in medicinal science. Very few, however, concede to the fact that Henrietta’s family should be compensated and that Henrietta should have been asked before her cells were taken. Henrietta Lacks’s children were devastated when they realised that their mother’s cells had been taken without her permission. They felt that it was unfair that they were living in penury- they could not afford college, health insurance, or any of the luxuries that the rest of the world takes for granted; while their mother’s cells were earning scientists millions of dollars. The emotional impact on the family was even greater. Henrietta’s daughter Deborah is literally the driving force of the book. Skloot helps her make peace with HeLa cells and the fact that although it is not well acknowledged, her mother’s contribution to science would help other people in need- it would be invaluable. The children research their mother by reading articles on her. They try to visualise what kind of a person she would have been. The mood point that Skloot tries to make here is that, although the children knew how their mother’s cells helped the world, they did not basic things about her like- what colour she liked best, what kind of clothes she liked to wear, what she liked to do. They wanted recognition more than compensation. They wanted the world to realise that their mother was a person too (New York Times www). Skloot’s use of the Moore vs Regents of UCLA case plays a very important role in defining the purpose of the book. John Moore was being treated for hairy cell leukaemia by Dr. Golde of UCLA. Golde saw this as a wonderful opportunity to start of a new line of cells-the Moore cells. Therefore, he repeatedly took cells from the patient’s body over a period of seven years. Golde took samples of blood, bone marrow and spleen for Moore. When Moore finally came to know what was happening through his attorney, he fought the case in court against UCLA for malpractice. The court verdict conceded to the fact that Moore had a right to know what was happening to his cells but he did not have any right over a discarded part of his body. Through this example, Rebecca Skloot emphasises the rights of the patient over even discarded parts of their body. It is not ethical to take someone’s cells without asking. They have a right over every part of their body and they have a right to knowledge (Moore www). IV. Opposing Points of View Many people, however, argue that cell research is invaluable and it helps people in wonderful ways. Researchers say that the amount of good that cell research does by saving people’s lives is much too great to be evil. It has led to vaccines being created for illnesses like polio, smallpox, chickenpox and mumps. It can also help cure Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and spinal cord injuries. The two examples below help support the opposing viewpoints. On the 8th of June this year, Timothy Brown had been cured of AIDS using stem cell research. The blood stem cell transplant that he received was particularly resistant to the HIV virus. Researchers hope to treat other such cases with umbilical cord transplants. This example contradicts with the argument in the book in the sense that it opposes Skloot’s implied claim that cell research is not as good as it seems. Although, there is no apparent controversy about ownership rights in this case, there is still a remote chance of some sort of scandal. The scale of this treatment was not too large and as a result it does not have a negative impact on either the patient or the donor. Probably the fact that there are a lot more laws concerning research nowadays prevents a case like Henrietta Lacks’s case (ABC news www). Other scientists claim that although the patient has a right to know if their cells are being used for research, they cannot lay any claim on the profits from the research other than treatment (San Diego www). This viewpoint would be unethical in the view of the book because it completely contradicts the book’s main argument. It is important to advance in technology but it should not be so overbearing that all rules are forgotten. If a scientist is working on new type of cell research, they need to comply to all the ethics associated with it. They cannot just let a patient be ignorant of the fact that their cells are being used. Doctors in John Hopkins have dedicated an entire section to Henrietta Lacks on their website. However, they do not feel even a little remorseful about the fact that they had not asked either Henrietta or her family for permission to use her cells for research (John Hopkins www). V. Conclusion In conclusion, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks emphasises that although the HeLa cells play a very important role in advancing major technology, the scientists should have informed the Lacks family that the cells were being used. Ethicality would have been in actually asking either Henrietta or her husband for written permission to use the cells. Rebecca Skloot perfectly contrasts the views of the family and the views of researchers. Skloot does not try to imply that cell research is wrong, she just calls for a more ethical procedure. Her purpose was also to tell the world about Henrietta’s story. She brings to light the fact that we have all been helped by Henrietta in some way or the other. She persuades the audience to be thankful to this great woman. It was indeed a touching and beautiful narrative. VI. Works Cited